SPF鸡饲料高压蒸汽灭菌条件研究

本试验在121℃条件下,采用不同灭菌时间对不同包装规格的SPF鸡饲料进行高压蒸汽灭菌处理,通过细菌培养和灭菌指示剂对不同处理后饲料的灭菌效果进行检查,以确定饲料最短有效灭菌时间。结果表明,饲料包装尺寸影响高压蒸汽灭菌效果,在包装尺寸合理的前提下,经121℃、20min高压蒸汽处理过的饲料,在30d的保存期内未检测到细菌,可以满足SPF鸡饲料的灭菌要求,生物灭菌指示剂试验得出同样结果。     

分散、乳化条件及成囊工艺对二甲戊灵微 胶囊形成状态的影响

研究了分散、乳化条件及成囊工艺对以脲醛树脂为壁材采用原位聚合法制备二甲戊灵微胶囊状态的影响。讨论了不同乳化剂及其配比、不同分散乳化时间、搅拌速度、酸化时间和固化温度对微胶囊包封率、粒径大小及分布情况的影响,最终确定以聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)和苯乙烯-马来酸酐(SMA)按4∶ 1(质量比)混合作乳化剂,1 500 r/min搅拌,分散乳化60 min,酸化90 min,50℃固化90 min作为制备二甲戊灵微胶囊的优化工艺条件。在此条件下可以得到平均粒径10 μm左右、粒度分布均匀的球形微胶囊,包封率在99％以上。     

苹果叶幕大小对产量的影响

以6个苹果品种为试材,进行苹果的有效负载面积与产量相关性试验.结果表明:在一定条件下,有效负载面积(EBS)越大,产量相应越高.不同纬度对不同品种的EBS和产量的影响不同.土壤中砾石含量对EBS和产量都有影响,但品种和砧木不同,EBS的减少率不同.不同品种对砾石的耐受能力不同.     

毛樱桃红色素的提取及应用研究

以东北毛樱桃为原料,用酸性食用乙醇提取制得樱桃红色素,并对该色素的应用范围进行了研究,结果表明,该色素在酸性条件下对光、热和常用食品添加剂较稳定,是一种价廉易得、安全可靠、使用方便的天然植物色素.     

贮藏条件对脱脂乳粉非酶褐变的影响研究

对脱脂乳粉在不同贮藏条件下（温度、水分活度、贮藏时间）的非酶褐变进行了实验研究，同时对贮藏温度T与脱脂乳粉玻璃化转变温度Tg的差值（T—T曲与非酶褐变指数之间的关系进行了探讨。结果表明：在较低的（T—T曲时脱脂乳粉的非酶褐变指数较小，但随着（T—T曲的增加，非酶褐变指数会迅速增加。随着贮藏温度的升高及水分活度的增加，脱脂乳粉的非酶褐变指数增大。贮藏时间对脱脂乳粉的影响很快会趋于平缓。     

Empirical relationships between land use/cover and estuarine condition in the Northeastern United States

Land–water interactions were examined in three regions in the Virginian Biogeographic Province; the southern shore of Cape Cod, Massachusetts; the Hudson/Raritan region of New York; and the eastern shore of the Delmarva (Delaware/Maryland/Virginia) Peninsula. Cumulative distribution functions were used to evaluate similarity in environmental condition among estuaries. Spatial-setting variables (location in a river, coastal lagoon, or in open waters) were associated with variation for some measures of estuarine condition. Patterns of coastal urban and agriculture gradients were measured and their relationship with indicators of estuarine condition was modeled statistically. When estuaries were pooled, the highest variation explained by spatial-setting variables was found for dissolved oxygen (DO, R ² = 0.44) and salinity (R ² = 0.58), with DO decreasing in river locations and salinity decreasing with rainfall and sampling locations near rivers. The explanatory power for the other indicator variables was low and varied from 6% to 27%. Rainfall explained some of the variation (R ² = 0.23) in total suspended solids. Moderate (0.4 < | r | < 0.7) to strong (| r | ≥ 0.7) linear associations were found between total urban area and measures of estuarine condition. Within regions, total urban area was positively associated with Silver (r = 0.59), Cadmium (r = 0.65), and Mercury (r = 0.47) in Cape Cod, and inversely related to DO (r = −0.65) in the Hudson/Raritan region. No associations were found in the Delmarva Peninsula study area. Total area of agriculture showed a moderate association with Arsenic in Cape Cod, but no other associations were found in the other two regions. Our analyses show a measurable impact of urban land use on coastal ecosystem condition over large areas of the northeastern United States. This pattern was most evident when many different landscapes were considered simultaneously. The relationship between urban development and estuarine condition were weaker within the individual regions studied. The use of land use/cover models for predicting estuarine condition is a challenging task that warrants enhancements in the type, quantity, and quality of data to improve our ability to discern relationships between anthropogenic activities on land and the condition of coastal environments.     

昆虫病原线虫共生菌5-5B培养特性及杀虫活性研究

对一株昆虫病原线虫共生菌5-5B菌株的发酵条件进行的研究结果表明,最适温度为28℃,最适起始pH7.3～7.8,最佳振荡频率160r/min,250ml三角瓶内装液40ml,接菌量为4%。5-5B菌株发酵液对小菜蛾初孵幼虫的杀虫活性研究表明,250ml三角瓶内装液40ml时,校正死亡率为62.78%;接菌量4%时,校正死亡率63.84%;起始pH7.3时,校正死亡率65.49%。     

褐飞虱不同为害状损失率测定研究

本研究旨在为褐飞虱为害损失的调查提供直观、准确的参考依据。研究表明,褐飞虱各种田间受害状都有产量损失,各症状的产量损失率为２５．８％～９４．０％。以百穗实粒干重为统计标准,Ｆ＝１８８．７０４＊＊,达极显著差异水平。ＳＳＲ多重比较,不同水稻被害状之间损失梯度明显。产量因素剖析表明,褐飞虱的为害主要是导致结实率和千粒重显著降低。文中举例说明了研究结果的应用方法。     

长输管道水力瞬变仿真

根据各种管道边界的瞬变方程和管道水击的连锁Ａｌｌｉｅｖｉ方法，针对具有实际元器件和边界的长输管道的不稳定流动，设计了基于特征线差分解法的分析流程和仿真计算程序。利用长输管道水击数值计算所得线路上各节点的瞬态值进行Ｂ样条曲线拟合，实现了水力瞬变过程中线路水力坡降线及某些水力参数变化情况的图形输出 。     

European eel distribution and body condition in a river floodplain: effect of longitudinal and lateral connectivity

Abstract – We studied eel population characteristics (size classes, densities and body condition) in the lower Loire River floodplain (France) to evaluate the effects of longitudinal and lateral gradients. A total of 36 sites were electrofished in June 2005. The sites were grouped first into three river segments according to the distance inland corresponding to a longitudinal gradient and secondly into three lateral connectivity categories. Results indicate that small eels, especially those ≤300 mm, were very abundant downstream but density rapidly decreased upstream. In addition, eels ≤150 mm tended to be most abundant in connected waterbodies. Conversely, the distribution of larger eels was quite uniform across both dimensions. Eel condition decreased upstream. In parallel, in downstream river segment, eels had a lower condition in disconnected waterbodies than in connected ones. Eel specialists still have only a longitudinal perception of eel habitat. Our results suggest that lateral gradients should be also taken into consideration.